Risk factors

• Negative sodium balance

• Diuretic medications

• Absence of acclimatization / adaptation

Causes

• Heat

• Dehydration

• Excessive sweating

• Loss of body salts

• Muscle stress

• Poor body condition

Symptoms

Some of the most common symptoms are:

• Dizzy feeling

• Fainting 

• Exhaustion 

• Nausea 

• Vomiting

• Rapid heartbeat

• Hot/sweaty skin

Treatment

• Rest briefly and cool down 

• Manual pressure / massage must be applied to the affected muscle

• Drink one quart of water with one teaspoon of salt 

• Drink some clear juice / electrolyte-containing sports drink 

• Practice gentle stretching exercise of the affected muscle 

• Seek medical help if the cramps remain after 1 hour 

Prognosis 

Heat cramps usually improves with

• An electrolyte drink 

• Cool shade  

• Rest

Prevention

• Adequate fluids must be taken periodically

• Fluids must be taken before feeling thirsty

• Avoid heavy sweaty exercises in humid conditions

• Make sure to drink fluids while exercising